Alanine is a naturally forming chemical found in a variety of foods especially meats. This non essential amino acid is used in the production of protein. It assists the body in metabolizing various components such as glucose and can also play a part in lowering cholesterol. It is suggested that an Alanine supplement be used with people who have a diet low in protein and who may be exposed to adverse effects of a protein deficiency. Alanine is also linked to an increase in the efficacy of the immune system and a reduction of toxins in the system.

Arginine is a non essential amino acid that is naturally occurring. While considered non-essential, it is used by the human body in a number of ways. Overall, it helps improve the immune system by stimulating the thymus gland, boosting white blood cell production and stimulating the release of growth hormone. Arginine helps with wound healing by helping with cell division and is an important part of the urea cycle, helping remove ammonia from the body. Arginine also helps the body with production of nitric oxide which can help reduce mild high blood pressure and help enhance athletic performance.

Ascorbic Acid is more commonly known as vitamin C. Vitamin C is well known for its powerful ability to help boost the immune system as well as fight off damage causing free radicals. As an anti-oxidant, Ascorbic acid binds with free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells. This damage can cause early aging and even has been linked to some cancers. By taking ascorbic acid, or vitamin C supplements, you are helping prevent these free-radicals, as well as giving your immune system a boost as well. Vitamin C is integral to cellular metabolism as well and a lack of vitamin C can cause a myriad of issues, including scurvy.

Aspartic Acid is a non-essential amino acid which is bountiful in plant proteins. It can also be produced in the human body from oxaloacetic acid. Some biochemicals that are synthesized from aspartic acid include asparagine, arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and a number of nucleotides. Apartic acid is used for stamina, the brain and overall health as it helps the liver by removing excess harmful ammonia and other toxins from the bloodstream. If ammonia enters your circulatory system it can be harm your central nervous system and cause neural and brain disorders. Aspartic acid helps to keep the mind sharp by increasing concentrations of NADH in the brain.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H, but is more commonly called Biotin. It is a vitamin which is B-complex in nature and is water soluble. Biotin helps in transferring carbon dioxide along with helping in various metabolic reactions. A steady blood sugar level can also be maintained by the help of biotin. Hair and nails are strengthened by the consumption of biotin. Therefore, a lot of hair and cosmetic products use biotin as one of its ingredients. The body’s daily requirement of vitamin B7 is produced by the intestinal bacteria. This therefore reduces the chances of vitamin B7 deficiency. There a large number of foods that contain biotin in large quantities. Swiss chard, tomatoes, liver,eggs, almonds, cumcuber, cauliflower, legume, soybeans, raspberries, carrots are some of those foods.

Calcium, a mineral vital to the human body, Calcium is necessary for many bodily functions, such as muscle contraction, and proper heart function.

Cholecalciferol or Vitamin D3 is a secosteroid and is structurally similar to steroids, such as testosterone and cholesterol. Depending upon its biochemistry and physiology, it has both inactive ( unhydroxylated cholecalciferol ) and active ( hydroxylated cholecalciferol at 1 and 25 position)forms in the body. The active form is actually a hormone and thus has profound effects on the body. It maintains the proper functioning of several body organs but its major function is to increase the blood calcium and phosphorus level by promoting their absorption from the intestines and then later to promote the reabsorption of calcium form the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys. In this way it has profound effects on the health of the bones by not only supporting the remodeling process but also proper bone mineralization.

Chromium.

Chromium Polynicotinate is a more biologically active component than other forms of Chromium. CP helps to control blood sugar levels and can be dangerous to the blend of fats, cholesterol, and proteins. It is helpful in the metabolism of glucose and is important for getting energy. Chromium polynicotinate is a mineral that adds a hormone-like regulation to develop carbohydrate metabolism. As all carbohydrates finally are reduced to simple glucose in the body. Chromium polynicotinate provides the mediator action by plugging serum glucose through the bloodstream to the muscle cell directly. Chromium is essential for glucose regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. It may also produce anabolic effects, but with no side effects.

Colostrum is rich in antibodies and protects the new born baby against bacteria and viruses. It is also called as baby’s first milk and is good for overall health for all age groups. It helps in improving memory, concentration and builds immune system. It helps in rheumatoid arthritis and other age related problems. It cures lot of diseases such as asthma, chronic fatigue, stress, stroke, temper, thyroid disorders, ulcers, pain, diabetes, gout, influenza, multiple sclerosis, gingivitis and anemia. It speedup the process of healing, reduces allergic symptoms, improve hair growth and sex life. Colostrum helps in fat metabolism and helps in building lean muscle mass as it has a content named IGF-1. Colostrum is used in polio vaccine which helped in preventing polio in children.

Copper is a naturally occurring mineral in foods like shell fish, vegetables, avocado fruits, legumes, grains, nuts, and beef. As copper originates from the earth's crust, the surface water and ground water contains small traces of copper. Copper is implicated in many biochemical reactions within the human cells.

Copper Gluconate is the copper salt of D-gluconic acid. Its chemical formula is C12H22CuO14 and Mol. mass is 453.8. Copper gluconate is used in medicine for treatment of common cold, acne vulgaris, hypertension, premature labor, Leishmaniasis and visceral postoperative complications. It is also an active ingredient in Retsyn. It is used as a dietary supplement to metabolize copper to treat copper deficiency. Studies show that copper gluconate if taken in large quantities may be toxic and cause breathing problems, chest pain, stomach upset, and rash or hives.

Creatine Monohydrate- Creatine is a naturally occurring compound that is formed in the various organs of the body, such as the pancreas, kidneys and the liver. Through the bloodstream it is transported to the muscles in the body. Creatine helps in building lean muscle mass and is extremely important to people who are into body building. Creatine monohydrate is a well known supplement that is used by a large number of athletes. Creatine monohydrate also has the ability to release the reserves of energy stored in the muscular tissues, thereby making it extremely important to athletes. Creatine, however, does have side effects that can cause cramps in the stomach, vomiting and dehydration, due to its ability to draw out water from the cells in the muscular tissue.

Cyanocobalamin or Vitamin B12 is required for the normal functioning and development of the nervous system, blood cells and brain. It’s a water soluble vitamin which is used to elevate mood, improve energy levels and concentration, to boost immune system and in sleeping disorders. Severe deficiency of cyanocobalamin can lead to pernicious anemia. It is also used for lowering high homocysteine levels which may contribute to heart disease, asthma, AIDS, to prevent cervical and other cancers, memory loss, osteoporosis, allergies and skin infections. It also helps to prevent atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and kidney and gum disease. Cyanocobalamin is added in almost all multi-vitamin B complex supplements. Deficiency of cyanocobalamin in infants can lead to megaloblastic anemia, delayed developments and movement disorders. Studies have proved that when used in combination with folic acid, it can prevent heart diseases.

Cystine is a non-essential sulfur containing amino acid. Our body can supply cystine on its own. Cystine is important for vitamin B6 utilization and is a detoxifying agent. It removes toxins absorbed by body through alcohol and smoking and protects body from damage of brain and liver. Cystine increases the level of glutathione, which is a powerful antioxidant and helps in detoxifying harmful toxins in the liver. As Alpha-keratin, the protein that makes up the skin, fingernails and hair contains cystine; it is also used in anti-aging products. It is also useful for faster healing of burns and wounds, for low count of white blood cells and in skin diseases.

D-Calcium Pantothenate- Vitamin B5 also known as panthothenic acid is a water soluble vitamin. D-Calcium Pantothenate is the commercial name for Vitamin B5 and is synthetically derived from pantothenic acid. It is widely used for its effective use to treat acne. It is also used to relieve pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis and to relieve morning stiffness. Deficiency of D-Calcium Pantothenate is rare but can cause nausea, fatigue, headache and skin abnormalities. It plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats to release energy. It is also vital in antibody formation which helps in building immune system and preventing infections.

Di-Calcium Phosphate is mainly used as a dietary supplement in prepared breakfast cereals, dog treats, enriched flour and noodle products. It is also used as a tableting agent in some pharmaceutical preparations. It is used as a feed for poultry.

Di-Potassium Phosphate is commonly sprayed on leaves as a fertilizer, and seems also to help control certain fungal diseases on ornamentals. When used in association with another fertilizer, dipotassium phosphate is approved for use in the manufacturing of pesticide products intended to control certain fungal diseases on ornamentals. When label directions are followed, this ingredient is not expected to harm people or the environment.

DiGlycerides are widely used in processed foods as emulsifiers. They are glycerol esterified with two fatty acids. It is found in various oils and can also be synthetically produced. It is widely used as emulsifier in foods and in baked foods, ice cream, beverages, shortening, whipped toppings, mayonnaise, margarine, confections and chewing gums. Studies show that diglycerides are associated with weight loss and delaying the progression of renal failure. Diglycerides help in maintaining the texture and consistency of the product. In baked products diglycerides are used in small quantities to retail freshness and moisture. It is also used to keep the ingredients from separating in products such as peanut butter, margarine and salad dressing. In ice creams, it acts as an emulsifier and maintains the right viscosity and keep the texture smooth, creamy and in frozen state. Diglycerides are listed as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Ferrous Fumarate is the iron salt of furmaric acid. It occurs as a reddish-orange powder commonly known as Iron (II) fumarate. Its chemical formula is C4H2FeO4. As the formula shows, ferrous fumarate contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and iron, but it is commonly used in supplements to fulfill the deficiency of iron because it contains 32.87% by weight, which means that 300 mg of ferrous fumarate contains approx 105 mg of iron. Iron deficiency in human beings can lead to iron deficiency anemia and other diseases; however, its intake also needs to be regulated because human body has no physiological means of excreting iron.

Folic Acid- We know Folic acid by various names - Folate, Folacin, Pteroylglutamic acid, or just Vitamin B9. No matter what we call it, Folic acid is basically a B vitamin that helps the body to create healthy new cells. Folic acid is thus necessary for each one of us though pregnant women require it all the more. A woman who has a sufficient intake of folic acid both before and during pregnancy can protect the baby from major birth defects of the brain or spine. The best part about this vitamin is that it is readily available in fruits, dried beans, nuts, peas, cereals, grain products, and leafy green vegetables. It is however important to consume this vitamin regularly through proper diet. This is because folic acid being water soluble, it easily dissolves in water and the leftover vitamin is passed out through the urine.

Glutamic Acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter, which enhances firing of neurons in central nervous system. Glutamic acid is a main excitatory neurotransmitter in brain and spinal caord. It is transformed either into glutamine or gamma-aminobutyric acid – the two other amino acids which assist in transmitting messages to brain. Glutamic acid plays a vital role in metabolism of fats and sugars, and assists in transporting potassium into spinal fluid and across the blood-brain barrier. Though it doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier as readily as is done by glutamine, it is present in blood at high levels and may reach the brain in small amounts. The brain can utilize glutamic acid as a fuel. It assists in correcting personality disorders and is helpful in treating childhood behavioral disorders. It is also used in treating mental retardation, epilepsy, ulcers, muscular dystrophy, and hypoglycemic coma.

Glutamine Peptides are a combination of two amino acids that are chemically combined. It is L-glutamine commonly bonded together with either L-alanine or L-glycine. Unlike amino acids, it is absorbed and transported through the system faster. Glutamine Peptides plays an important role in protein synthesis and improved protein metabolism. It prevents the breakdown of muscle, and helps in faster recovery of muscles after strenuous workout. It also helps in repairing and building of lean muscles. It increases the secretion of growth hormone levels that helps in metabolising body fat and formation of new muscles. Glutamine Peptides also help in improving the immune system.

Glycine is known to have the ability to stimulate specific brain receptors as well as beneficial for building proteins in the body. It is used as a supplement for many ailments such as strokes or memory loss.

Histidine is an amino acid that is essential especially in infants. The adult body produces this amino acid naturally and thus it becomes a non-essential acid. However in the case of infants this is not true. This vitamin is extremely important and children may not have sufficient Histidine. The Histidine is an originator of the Histamine which is a compound that is release by the human immune system when an allergic reaction takes place. This is also essential for the repair and growth of new tissues and helps to maintain myelin sheaths (the protectors of the nerve cells). Histidine is also needed for the production of the red and white blood cells.

Hydrolyzed Whey Protein is the biologically available protein in the market and is the first choice for athletes. It can be very easily absorbed and easy to utilize. Hydrolyzed whey protein started its popularity with body builders and athletes, but has become popular as an aid for lots of health concerns. Many studies in rodents suggest that hydrolyzed whey protein may possess anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, human data is absent, the effects of hydrolyzed whey protein on human being health are of big interest and are presently being investigated as the way of reducing disease risks and as the possible extra treatment for many diseases.

Iodine, a necessary element used by the body to make the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These Thyroid hormones are needed to maintain a healthy metabolic rate and cellular metabolism.

Iron is vital in human nutrition as the adult human body contains 3-4 grams of iron. Haem-iron and non-haem iron are the two types of iron. Foods rich in haem-iron include meat, liver, fish, and poultry. Foods that are high in non-haem iron are those of vegetable origin, like green leafy vegetables, cereals, legumes, oilseeds, nuts, dry fruits and jiggery. Iron is vital for numerous body functions, including hemoglobin formation, brain development and function, muscle activity, regulation of body temperature and catecholamine. Deficiency of iron affects immune system, reduces the number of T-cells and production of antibodies. Iron is also necessary for binding oxygen to body cells as its main function is oxygen transport and cell respiration. It works as an anti-cancer agent. Iron increases energy level of the body, improving physical performance. It prevents insomnia.

Isoleucine- An important essential amino acid is isoleucine which is also part of the three “branched chain amino acids” along with leucine and valine. Since it is an essential amino acid it cannot be synthesized in the body and thus isoleucine has to be ingested in the diet (almonds, chicken, eggs, cashews, fish, lentils, liver, meat etc.). Isoleucine is required for muscle recovery and also for the formation of haemoglobin. Isoleucine also assists in regulating blood sugar levels and energy levels. It is also involved in blood-clot formation. Isoleucine deficiency is present only in those people who are lacking in protein intake. Deficiency may lead to dizziness, fatigue, depression etc. Excessive amounts of isoleucine doesn’t seem to be a problem though it isn’t recommended for those with kidney or liver disease.

L-Carnitine - Carnitine is a quat, quaternary ammonium cation, which is derived through biosynthesis of amino acids lysine and methionine. During the breakdown of stored fat in the lipids for purposes of generating additional metabolic energy, carnitine is needed to transport the fatty acids from the intracellular fluid to the mitochondria. The biologically active form of this stereoisomer is named l-carnitine. It is believed that l-carnitine has strong antioxidant effects and that it can strengthen the bone mass during the aging process. It is furthermore believed that l-carnitine promotes the glucose uptake and that it improves the male fertility in clinical trials. Concentrations of carnitine are found in highest levels in red meat and dairy products, but also in some seeds and pulses, as well as cereals and some fruits.

L-Phenylalanine gained notoriety with the aspartame controversy where extensive internet bombardment against the artificial sweetener prompted a thorough cleaning by The Coca Cola Company and other interest groups. Now it seems that aspartame has more benefits to health than aspirin. L-Phenylalanine is an essential alpha amino acid that is deemed analgesic and antidepressant. It is hydrophobic and nonpolar, one of only twenty common amino acids that are used to produce protein as coded by the DNA. L-Phenylalanine can also convert into L-Tyrosine, which can then become L-DOPA, going forth to become norepinephrine, dopamine or epinephrine. Phenylalanine is very often found in foods, protein rich foods like meat, milk and milk products, poultry and fish, but also as already mentioned in the artificial sweetener aspartame.

L-Taurine , which contains cysteine and methoinine is an essential amino acid. It acts as a diuretic by maintaining the level of magnesium and potassium in our cells while purging sodium. It improves the functioning of kidney and gets rid of fluid accumulation and swelling and thus keeps our body away from toxicity. It maintains a good balance of calcium in our body and strenghtens the heart muscles too. L-Taurine is also used in the treatment of progressive eye conditions, hypertension, memory loss, cystic fibrosis and in atherosclerosis. It is often mixed in energy drinks because while working out the level of L-taurine drops in the skeletan muscle, L-taurine supplements lowers the level of exhaustion and improves endurance. Besides being found in meat and egg yolks it is abundantly found in shellfish.

Lactoferrin is composed of protein and carbohydrate. It is found in breast milk of mammals, however, Lactoferrin supplement are derived from whey protein. Lactoferrin is highly abundant in the oral cavities where it often comes in contact with viruses and bacteria. Lactoferrin helps fight these pathogens to keep the body healthy and in good condition. Lactoferrin is produced in the mouth and intestinal tract and by the white blood cells. Lactoferrin has the ability to bind itself to iron, making it beneficial to iron-deficient individuals. It also promotes the growth of good bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria that aids in the intestinal and digestive health, and in inhibiting gut inflammation. It also acts as antioxidant, fighting the damaging effects of free radicals.

Leucine is an essential amino acid that works together with isoleucine and valine, forming the three branched chain amino acids (BCAA). Leucine is easily converted by to body to glucose, helping to regulate and maintain the blood sugar level. Leucine promotes muscle recovery, muscle repair and provides the body with energy. It also helps in burning fat that are least responsive to exercise and dieting. Leucine helps in toning the body and the muscles. Leucine prevents muscle loss by breaking down and converting to glucose, this prevents the body from breaking down muscle tissues to create energy, particularly during intense workouts and heavy weight lifting.

Lysine

Magnesium is the chemical element found in the periodic table with the atomic number 12. This alkaline earth metal is one of ten most common elements in the known universe and also very prominently present in the human body. It manipulates polyphosphate compounds, most prominently the DNA, RNA and the ATP. Numerous enzymes rely on magnesium ions to function properly. Most common application of magnesium in medicine may be the addition to antacids and laxatives. This metal is not found as a free element naturally on Earth, generally the metal is obtained through electrolysis of magnesium salts. The most common deficiency in the United States with staggering two thirds of the population is the magnesium deficiency. Magnesium can be obtained through vegetables, tea, cocoa, cereals, coffee, nuts and spices.

Magnesium Oxide has many benefits. Magnesium is a naturally occurring element in the body. Magnesium Oxide is sometimes used as an antacid to relieve sour stomach, heartburn, or acid indigestion. It is also sometimes used as a laxative. It is able to clean the intestinal tract that encourages healthy, aerobic bacteria that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi. Magnesium Oxide also has the ability to hydrate. It also fights chronic fatigue, as it increases the energy supply. It takes care of the bone and the nerves. It also helps in regulating the blood sugar level and blood pressure. It also helps in keeping the tooth enamel healthy.

Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) are fatty acids which are shorter in length. They therefore are similar to carbohydrates and get easily digested and absorbed and get used up as energy. It is used as an alternative source of food by patients who are unable to digest normal oils and fats. Medium chain triglycerides are water-soluble and because if their short length get absorbed into the blood stream quickly. From the bloodstream it gets directly transported to the liver. It is an immediate source of energy and only a miniscule percent of it gets converted to body fat. It is naturally found in coconut oil, milk fat and in palm oil. Medium chain triglycerides are available in capsule and in liquid form; this is obtained through the process of lipid fractionation.

Methionine is an a-amino acid classified in the non polar group of amino acids. All amino acids have a basic structure in which there is a central carbon atom, attached with the amine, carboxyl, and functional groups as side chains and also a hydrogen atom. Only the functional group varies in different amino acids and the properties, and thus the importance of the amino acids varies according to the functional groups. Methionine has a non polar thioether group as its functional group. Most of the advantages of methionine are based on the fact that the body can convert it into very useful substances. On its own, it is a potent antioxidant and helps in the breakdown of fat. When converted to creatine monohydrate, it helps muscle building.

Micellar Casein is obtained by separating milk through the process of ultra filtration. The gel like substance formed in the gut enables it to release amino acids at a steady pace into the blood stream. Taking micellar casein increases muscle growth which is necessary for recovery and gaining strength. It suppresses muscle breakdown because of its strong anti-catabolic effect. Athletics and bodybuilders take micellar protein for various reasons. Optimal muscle recovery takes place when constant supply of protein and nutrients are supplied to the body all through the day. Since micellar casein provides body proteins for nearly seven hours, it reduces muscle catabolism greatly. When taken with healthy fats like fish oil or flax oil digestion of micellar tends to get slow and the purpose of taking micellar casein is served.

Niacin is a vitamin that wards against pellagra, a disease characterized by a vitamin B3 deficiency. Niacin is made from pyridine and is often called vitamin B3 or nicotinamide, because they all three have similar formulas. Niacin and nicotinamide are comparable in make up, but only niacin works to lower cholesterol levels. The restoration of DNA is also known to be a positive side effect of taking niacin. A fairly large number of individuals, particularly those in third world countries or those suffering from alcoholism, have been shown to be lacking in niacin. Niacin is often taken as a supplement by those with high cholesterol levels, as it has been proven to lower “bad” cholesterol and raise “good” cholesterol.

Niacinamide, also known as Nicotinamide is water-soluble and usually found in Vitamin B3. It is normally seen in different dietary supplements as well as energy medications. One good thing about the Niacinamide is that compared to other water soluble vitamins, it does not contain any harmful effects such as flushing or even skin irritations. Niacinamide also has an anti-inflammatory property, because of this, Niacinamide is also being used to cure acne and other kinds of skin diseases. It can either be taken orally, or some kinds of medications include this in their formula as a topical cream or even as a topical gel.

Pantothenic Acid, also called vitamin B5, which is a water-soluble vitamin required by the human body. Pantothenic acid is needed to form coenzyme-A (CoA), and is vital in the metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Phosphate (Phosphorus) is essential for normal heart and kidney functionin. It speeds up the healing of broken bones and other injuries and functions to metabolize fats and starches for energy, as well as being necessary for correct nerve impulses and for niacin assimilation. Phosphorus is needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells, and for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to balance and metabolize other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, calcium, iodine, magnesium, and zinc. It is also important for forming cell membranes, the specialised layers that enclose body cells. It is a principal mineral of bones and teeth.

Potassium Iodide consists of the potassium in salt form of iodide. It is commonly used as an additive in iodized table salt. Potassium iodide is also known to protect the thyroid from radio-active isotopes, reducing the risk of thyroid cancer in individuals exposed to radioactive iodine. It is also able to stimulate salivary glands that helps loosen the mucus produced in the respiratory tract caused by respiratory problems such as bronchitis or asthma. It helps in treating coughs and is an effective expectorant. It also prevents hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency. It may also be administered before thyroid surgeries to prepare the gland for the surgery.

Proline is an amino acid. The body has the capability to produce Proline with glutamic acid. Proline works well with vitamin C, which make it more potent. It helps particularly in maintaining and repairing damaged tissues, skin and muscle. It heals damaged cartilage, and helps maintaining flexible joints. It benefits parts of the body where collagen is found, such as blood vessels, tendons, skin, bones, and including the eye. It prevents and reduces the sagging, wrinkling and aging of skin. It ensures that the body has the proper supply of collagen, guarding it against future joint and spine problems. It also enhances the immune system.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride.

Riboflavin, also called Vitamin B2, is naturally manufactured by the body. Riboflavin is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Riboflavin is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Riboflavin is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Serine is a non-essential amino acid derived from amino acid glycine and is beneficial to both mental and physical health.It is vital for proper functioning of brain and central nervous system. Serine helps form phospholipids that are needed to make every cell in the body. It also is helpful in muscle formation and maintaining a strong immune system. Proteins used to form the brain, and the protective myelin sheaths covering nerves, contain serine. It is also required for producing amino acid tryptophan, which is used to make serotonin, a chemical that determines mood. Shortage of serotonin and tryptophan has been associated with depression, confusion, insomnia, and anxiety. Decreased serine levels can lead to chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.

Silicon Dioxide.

Sodium Caseinate, a high quality milk protein, used in a variety of foods and pharmaceuticals. It is a yellow powder extracted from yak milk with its high protein utilized via separation precipitated by acid. It is used as a dietary supplement and in many baked goods because it is rich in lysine. It can emulsify and stabilize milk shakes and diabetic ice cream while being high in nutrients but low in calories. Sodium caseinate is used in the binding process for meats like sausage, liverworst and meat loaf. It is also a coagulant and clarifier for wines.

Sodium Phosphate is a phosphate supplement. It does not function as a potassium supplement. It aids in the building of strong bones and teeth (with calcium). Also known to Promote energy metabolism and promote growth, maintenance and repair of all body tissues. Sodium Phosphate buffers body fluids for acid-base balance and acidifies urine and reduces possibility of kidney stones.

Soy Lecithin- Although lecithin is a word that is derived from the Greek "lekithos" that translates to "yolk of an egg", the biggest source of lecithin is in fact soybean. Lecithin is nothing but a combination of phospholipids that are naturally present in soybeans and is thus an excellent source of choline. In the absence of choline, the cell membranes are bound to become hard preventing any kind of nutrient exchange. Soy lecithin powder can be easily incorporated into your culinary and body care recipes since it acts as an emulsifier, thickener, mild preservative, emollient, moisturizer, and stabilizer. For the same reason, it is used in food as well as cosmetic products alike. Lecithin also plays an important role of moving cholesterol through our bodies and its ability to bind chemically with cholesterol actually helps in reducing cholesterol levels. It also helps in treating neurological disorders, psoriasis, gallstones, diabetes, and anemia.

Sunflower Oil is widely used for cooking food. It is used as frying oil. Its other popular use is as an emollient for cosmetic purposes. This oil is produced from oil type sunflower seeds. This oil is not only light in appearance but also in taste. Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is rich in Vitamin E content. This oil has low saturated fat levels as it is a combination of polyunsaturated and mono-unsaturated fats. Its properties are typical of other triglyceride vegetable oils. As a cosmetic is has a noncomedogenic and smoothing property. It is the high oleic property that allows sunflower oil sufficient shelf life which makes it possible to use it for cosmetic purposes.

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin with no known toxic effects if taken with other members of the vitamin B complex. Thiamine is essential to a strong appetite and to enable the body to use sugars and other carbohydrates.

Thiamine Mononitrate is a white crystalline powder also known as Betabion Mononitrate and Aneurine Mononitrate. Its Mol.wt is 327.36 and chemical formula is C12H17N5O4S. It is a type of Thiamine (Vitamin B1). Thiamine mono nitrate is used in preparation of many Multivitamin supplements and tablets. Vitamin B1 is an essential factor in human diet and its deficiency can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular and nervous system. Research also shows that deficiency of Vitamin B1 can disturb the normal function of intestines. Thiamine is also an essential ingredient for the biosynthesis of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate which plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism.

Threonine-The essential amino acid threonine is found throughout the body's circulatory, skeletal and central nervous systems and is essential for maintaining balance throughout the body while assisting in the production of elastin and collagen that are needed for healthy skin. Threonine is also beneficial for optimal liver functioning and promotes a healthy immune system by assisting with the production of antibodies. Threonine has also been used in various formulations to strengthen mental clarity and sharpen focus. Threonine can be found in abundance in various dairy foods, beans, nuts, wheat germ, some vegetables, eggs, and most meats, or in supplement form.

Tryptophan-If you have ever felt sleepy or drowsy following a big "turkey" dinner, then you have felt the effects of tryptophan, which is an essential amino acid that is found in foods that contain protein, such as turkey. Tryptophan in supplement form is mainly for those who suffer from insomnia, as an all natural sleep aid. Tryptophan may also be used for mental enhancement and as an appetite suppressant to help achieve weight loss or maintain an ideal body weight. The way that tryptophan works is by converting to serotonin in the body, which is a natural chemical that causes a sleepy feeling.

Tyrosine is a non essential amino acid derived from several sources, including soy, poultry, milk and cheese products, but can also be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine. There are twenty amino acids that are used in human cells to synthesize proteins, one of which is tyrosine. It is of vital importance to the carbon dioxide conversion into organic compounds conducted by plants, the photosynthesis. Tyrosine is also recognized as a precursor to hormones, but also alkaloids and pigments. It is furthermore viewed as a precursor to neurotransmitters; it increases the levels of plasma neurotransmitters, most prominently norepinephrine and dopamine. While under normal circumstances the effects of tyrosine are inconclusive, it has been observed as useful in stress situations and to reduce the effects of a cold, fatigue, sleep deprivation and any kind of prolonged labor.

Valine- One of the several essential amino acids present in the human body is Valine. This is also a nonpolar, branched chain amino acid which is found in high concentrations in the muscles. Since it is an essential amino acid, valine is not synthesised in the body and thus must be ingested as part of the diet. Valine is available through foods like fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, lentils and cottage cheese. Valine is essential for muscle, growth and repair of tissue and for maintaining the body’s nitrogen balance. Since it has a branched chain, valine can be used as an energy source in the muscles and thus conserves glucose. Hence valine is often used by bodybuilders to support muscle growth and provide energy. A deficiency of valine in the body, caused by the inability of the body to metabolise valine leads to the Maple Syrup Urine Disease in which the person’s urine smells like maple syrup.

Vitamin A is used for improving poor night vision, dry skin, and it can help acne. It is also a fat soluble vitamin. Too much vitamin A can cause side effects. An excess of vitamin A can actually make acne worse.

Vitamin A Acetate

Vitamin B12 is a water-souble member of the vitamin B complex. Requirements are in the microgram range, which is lower than the milligram range of the other B vitamins. Vitamin B12 is involved in the production of red blood cells and is usually known as the anti-anemia vitamin.

Vitamin B6- There are three traditionally considered forms of vitamin B6: pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM). The phosphate ester (PLP) has a leading role in metabolism of human body. It is obtained from the diet since humans cannot manufacture it. PLP is crucial in over 100 enzymes that enable important chemical reactions in the human body. In the brain, the manufacture of neurotransmitters like serotonin from tryptophan is made possible by PLP. PLP is also a coenzyme in the production of the iron coating component of hemoglobin called heme. Signs of vitamin B6 deficiency include irritability, depression and confusion, inflammation of the tongue, sores or ulcers of the mouth and the skin at the corner of the mouth.

Vitamin C is an obvious essential nutrient and a deficiency of this will cause scurvy. It is also an antioxidant and acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes.

Vitamin D is actually a group of prohormones, all fat soluble, whereby ergocalciferol, or Vitamin D2 and cholecalciferol, also known as Vitamin D3 are the most common forms. The Vitamin D3 form is made when human skin is exposed to UV B radiation. The active form of Vitamin D is calcitrol and it is required in the body to manage phosphorus and calcium levels, but, among other functions, to affect anti tumor activity, immunomodulatory functions and much more. Vitamin D, or more accurately calcitrol, is being bound to a carrier protein, which allows it to be transported throughout the body to the various destinations. The Vitamin D receptors, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors, can be found in most organs, including the brain, skin, heart, breast, prostate and gonads.

Vitamin E, an anti-oxidant nutrient, neutralizes free radicals in the human body to prevent cell damage. This fat-soluble vitamin not only aids the formation of red blood cells but also helps in the absorption of vitamins A, C and K. It is also very helpful to fight various ailments. Since the human body cannot produce vitamin E on its own; it has to be incorporated in our daily diet. This can be done either by consuming foods that are rich in vitamin E or by taking vitamin E supplements. The RDA for adult males is 10 mg. while 8 mg. is the daily requirement for adult females. Expecting and nursing women should compulsorily take 10 mg. of vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E supplements are most effective when consumed with food.

Vitamin E Acetate or tocopheryl acetate is used as a supplement in products. Chemically it forms by the esterification of tocopherol (vitamin E) with acetic acid, a process in which double bonded oxygen is introduced between the tocopherol and acetic acid. It is used in cosmetic preparations. Using tocopheryl acetate instead of simply tocopherol (vitamin E) to supplement the products is based on the fact that the molecule of tocopherol has a free phenolic hydroxyl group which makes it acidic. The esterification process blocks this group and the product is thus less acidic and compatible with the pH required for the skin.

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics to stabilize and bind products. Cosmetic companies add a very small amount to their products to keep the individual ingredients from separating. Xanthan gum is composed of glucose,mannose and glucuronic acid. It is often used in recipes in place of gelatin by people with food allergies or for people who are omitting dairy, eggs and soy from their diets.

Zinc is a mineral that is present in every cell in the body. It is good for maintaining a healthy skin. It promotes healing of wounds such as bed sores, skin sore, and canker sores. It may also act as an astringent and aid in the treatment of acne. Zinc improves the immune system by activating white blood cells to fight against infections, virus, and even cancers. Zinc is also beneficial in improving the health of prostate gland and protects it against inflammation and infection. It also helps improve the brain functions such as memory retention. It also helps in the production of testosterone that improves libido, prevents low sperm count. It may also help in the formation and development of muscles.

Zinc Oxide combines a molecule of oxygen with a molecule of zinc. This creates an opaque compound that reflects and scatters light. It is often found in a wide range of cosmetic products due to this ability. Zinc oxide also neutralizes acid. It is also used as a mild anti bacterial, which makes it a good choice in reducing redness and soreness. Zinc oxide is often used as a food additive to supply zinc to the body.