Epimedium, also popularly known as horny goat weed is a genus of herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Berberidaceae. The plant is found to possess aphrodisiac properties. Legend has it that a Chinese goat herder observed and reported increased sexual activity in his heard after it consumed the plant, hence the name. Its active ingredient is icariin. This ingredient has been reported to have a number of effects on the body. It inhibits the degradation of cyclic guanosine mono phosphate cGMP by PDE5 in the blood vessels supplying the corpus cavernosum of the penis. cGMP is the activated form of GMP produced by the release of nitric oxide in the vessels and relaxes the smooth muscle tissue resulting in the improvement in blood flow and erection. It also acts to increase mental faculties.

Piperine, an extract that comes from the fruit of the black pepper plant “Piper Nigrum” and “Piper Longum,” sets the stage for the activities in the body that lead to digestion and intestinal absportion by increasing the metabolic process. It is a pungent substance that has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of various diseases and is commercially available. Piperine forms monochenic needles, is slightly soluble in water and even more so in alcohol, ether, or chloroform. It significantly enhances the body’s ability to absorb nutrients into the blood stream, and supports the body’s natural thermogenic activities. It inhibits human CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, which are enzymes that are important for transport of xenobiotics and metabolites. Piperin has been found to stimulate skin pigmentation when exposed to UVB light. Caution should be used by those on other medications if taking this extract because of piperin’s effects on drug metabolism.

Quercetin is a flavanoid derived from plants and is widely used as a nutritional supplement. There are many studies which are being conducted to exactly determine the benefits of Quercetin. It is said to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and hence is being tested to help curb and cure terminal diseases like cancer. The high intake of fruits and vegetables is good for cancer treatments. Many researchers believe that these qualities of Quercetin are what allow it to be used for treating cancer as well. Quercetin is classified into the IARC group 3; which categorizes food and drugs as that which are not carcinogenic.

Trans-Resveratrol is an antioxidant that is present in some particular plants. It provides the protection to the plants from the damage done by fungi and bacteria. Such shield is essential for plants to stay alive. It has however been proven that it even provides some protection for the human body. It is found in berries and grapes, peanuts; studies have proven that reservatrol to be effectual in combating diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Continuous use of trans-resveratrol supplements might yield many health benefits. It has been proven to aid in combating cancer or even preventing it in a few cases. Of course, it is extensively known for its helpful effects on heart fitness, along with blocking the upsurge of fat in the arteries.